Scholarship @ UWindsor

Scholarship @ UWindsor is the institutional repository of the University of Windsor (UWindsor), showcasing and preserving the UWindsor community’s scholarly outputs, as well as items from the Leddy Library’s Archives & Special Collections. Its mission is to disseminate and preserve knowledge created or housed at the University of Windsor.

Contact scholarship@uwindsor.ca for more information.

Communities in Scholarship @ UWindsor

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Conferences and Conference Proceedings 3167
Papers, presentations and abstracts of conferences held at the University of Windsor, in person and virtually.
Digitized Local Collections 1552
Digitized local items from the collections of the Leddy Library, University of Windsor, and community partners.
Faculties, Departments and Research Units 3186
Open Access Faculty publications, reports and working papers from academic departments at the University of Windsor.
Theses, Dissertations, and Major Papers 9577
Formal graduate original research from the University of Windsor's Masters and Doctoral programs.

Recent Submissions

Access status: Open Access ,
Integrated optimization of energy storage and green hydrogen systems for resilient and sustainable future power grids
(Nature Research, 2025-07-15) Asim, Ahmed M.; Awad, Ahmed S; Attia, Mahmoud A.
This study presents a novel multi-objective optimization framework supporting nations sustainability 2030–2040 visions by enhancing renewable energy integration, green hydrogen production, and emission reduction. The framework evaluates a range of energy storage technologies, including battery, pumped hydro, compressed air energy storage, and hybrid configurations, under realistic system constraints using the IEEE 9-bus test system. Results show that without storage, renewable penetration is limited to 28.65% with 1538 tCO2/day emissions, whereas integrating pumped hydro with battery (PHB) enables 40% penetration, cuts emissions by 40.5%, and reduces total system cost to 570 k$/day (84% of the baseline cost). The framework’s scalability is confirmed via simulations on IEEE 30-, 39-, 57-, and 118-bus systems, with execution times ranging from 118.8 to 561.5 s using the HiGHS solver on a constrained Google Colab environment. These findings highlight PHB as the most cost-effective and sustainable storage solution for large-scale renewable integration.
Access status: Open Access ,
Two-Stage Target Detection for Compact HFSWR With Space-to-Depth YOLOv8 and Multiframe ViT
(IEEE) Wu, Tong a Send mail to Wu T. ; a Send mail to Li M. ; a Send mail to Niu J. ; a Send mail to Zhang L. ;; Li, Ming; Niu, Jiong; Zhang, Ling; Zhang, Wandong; Wu, Qing Ming Jonathan
Accurate and reliable target detection is a crucial requirement of high-frequency surface wave radar for effective maritime surveillance. However, existing methods based on single-frame radar images primarily focus on static target features, limiting their ability to capture dynamic ship behaviors across multiple frames. In this study, a two-stage multiframe target detection framework (MFTDF) is proposed to address this issue in ship-target detection from range-Doppler (RD) images. The framework consists of two stages: a space-to-depth YOLOv8 network in Stage-1 and a multiframe vision transformer network in Stage-2. First, Stage-1 aims to extract regions of interest (ROI) from the current and several preceding RD images. Thereafter, target association and pattern selection are applied to collect multiframe image patch sequences for each ROI result. Finally, Stage-2 focuses on further discriminating the input image patches to obtain refined target detection results. Moreover, the dataset for training and validating the two-stage network is automatically generated based on the automatic identification system ship data and constant false alarm rate detection results to identify all true and visible targets, ensuring the dataset's credibility. Experiments using the measured data show that the proposed MFTDF achieves a considerably improved precision rate while maintaining an average improvement of 12.3% in the recall rate. These results confirm that MFTDF delivers superior detection accuracy and efficiency, offering a robust solution for maritime target detection in complex scenarios.
Access status: Open Access ,
Behavioral, Endocrine, and Neuronal Responses to Odors in Lampreys
(MDPI, 2025-07-08) Beauséjour, Philippe-Antoine; Zielinski, Barbara S.; Dubuc, Réjean
Lampreys are primitive fish that rely significantly on olfactory cues throughout their complex life cycle. The olfactory system of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) is among the best characterized in vertebrates. In recent decades, tremendous advances have been made by isolating individual compounds from sea lampreys that can replicate natural behavior when artificially applied in the wild. In no other aquatic vertebrate has the olfactory ecology been described in such extensive detail. In the first section, we provide a comprehensive review of olfactory behaviors induced by specific, individual odorants during every major developmental stage of the sea lamprey in behavioral contexts such as feeding, predator avoidance, and reproduction. Moreover, pheromonal inputs have been shown to induce neuroendocrine responses through the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, triggering remarkable developmental and physiological effects, such as gametogenesis and increased pheromone release. In the second section of this review, we describe a hypothetical endocrine signaling pathway through which reproductive fitness is increased following pheromone detection. In the final section of this review, we focus on the neuronal circuits that transform olfactory inputs into motor output. We describe specific brain signaling pathways that underlie odor-evoked locomotion. Furthermore, we consider possible modulatory inputs to these pathways that may induce plasticity in olfactory behavior following changes in the external or internal environment. As a whole, this review synthesizes previous and recent progress in understanding the behavioral, endocrine, and neuronal responses of lampreys to chemosensory signals.
Access status: Open Access ,
Insights into Active Site Cysteine Residues in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Enzymes: Potential Targets for Anti-Tuberculosis Intervention
(MDPI, 2025-04-18) Faponle, Abayomi S.; Gauld, James W.; de Visser, Sam P.
Cysteine, a semi-essential amino acid, is found in the active site of a number of vital enzymes of the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and in particular those that relate to its survival, adaptability and pathogenicity. Mtb is the causative agent of tuberculosis, an infectious disease that affects millions of people globally. Common anti-tuberculosis targets are focused on immobilizing a vital cysteine amino acid residue in enzymes that plays critical roles in redox and non-redox catalysis, the modulation of the protein, enzyme activity, protein structure and folding, metal coordination, and posttranslational modifications of newly synthesized proteins. This review examines five Mtb enzymes that contain an active site cysteine residue and are considered as key targets for anti-tuberculosis drugs, namely alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (AhpC), dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (Lpd), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP) and cytochromes P450. AhpC and Lpd protect Mtb against oxidative and nitrosative stress, whereas AhpC neutralizes peroxide/peroxynitrite substrates with two active site cysteine residues. Mtb ALDH detoxifies aldehydes, using a nucleophilic active site cysteine to form an oxyanion thiohemiacetal intermediate, whereas MtMetAP’s active site cysteine is essential for substrate recognition. The P450s metabolize various endogenous and exogenous compounds. Targeting these critical active site cysteine residues could disrupt enzyme functions, presenting a promising avenue for developing anti-mycobacterial agents.
Access status: Open Access ,
Composites of Shellac and Silver Nanowires as Flexible, Biobased, and Corrosion-Resistant Transparent Conductive Electrodes
(John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2025) Hussein, Rahaf Nafez; Gomes, Tiago Carneiro; Ng, Eliza; Rondeau-Gagné, Simon; Carmichael, Tricia Breen
Silver nanowires (AgNWs) are a promising material to replace indium tin oxide as transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) in next-generation flexible optoelectronics. AgNWs are more environmental friendly than indium tin oxide, and offer solution processability, high conductivity, and high optical transparency. Embedding AgNWs at the surface of a polymer matrix creates a planar, conductive surface that is ideal for use in thin-film devices. However, a barrier to practical use is corrosionin the ambient environment, which damages the AgNW network and reduces the workable life span. This study presents the use of shellac, an eco-friendly natural biopolymer, as a planarizing and protective matrix for AgNWs. Shellac has a long history as a coating due to its excellent film-forming ability and barrier properties, yet it has been largely unexplored in electronics. Here, the first shellac-based TCE comprising a AgNW network embedded at the surface of a shellac matrix is reported. Shellac-AgNW TCEs provide high conductivity and optical transparency, as well as mechanical stability under tensile strain. They also effectively function as TCEs in light-emitting devices. Furthermore, the barrier properties of shellac protect AgNWs from corrosion in humid air and corrosive acid vapors. These results position shellac as a sustainable alternative to persistent synthetic polymers, in flexible electronics.